Salvia L., Sp. Pl. 23. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5: 15. 1754; Benth. in DC., Prodr. 12: 262. 1848; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4: 658. 1885; Briquet in Engl. & Prantl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 1,4, 3 A: 270. 1896; Mukherjee, Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 14, 1: 104. 1940; Fl. China @ eFloras.org 17: 195; Hedge, Fl. Pak. @ eFloras.org p. 193.

Mostly perennial herbs, shrubs or subshrubs, usually aromatic. Stems erect with glandular and eglandular hairs. Leaves opposite, simple to deeply-lobed, pinnatisect or pinnately compound; petiolate or subsessile. Verticillasters 2 to many-flowered, in racemes, panicles or spikes; verticillasters distant or approximating. Bracts usually distinct from leaves, often showy. Bracteoles minute when present. Calyx tubular, funnelform or campanulate, 2-lipped, 10-15-veined, upper lip shortly or scarcely 3-toothed, mucronate, lower lip equally 2- toothed; slightly or much expanding in fruit. Corolla 2-lipped, tube straight, horizontal, curved upwards or adaxially dilated, with or without hairy annulus inside, upper lip falcate or +/- straight, entire or bifid, lower lip 3-lobed, median lobe usually larger and concave, apex emarginate, fringed or 2-lobulate, lateral lobes oblong or circular, spreading or reflexed. Stamens 2, filaments short, horizontal or erect, anther with a large fertile elliptic or linear theca at upper end usually a much smaller fertile theca or a sterile dolabriform plate at the lower end; connectives clearly separating the thecae; staminodes usually present, very small, or absent. Style bifid with unequal flattened or terete lobes; stigmas minute. Disk slightly swollen in front or ring-like. Nutlets 4, triquetrous, ovoid or oblong, glabrous, smooth.

1018 species

Salvia splendens Sellow ex Nees, Flora 4: 300. 1821; Fl. China @ eFloras.org (as S. splendens Ker Gawler, Bot. Reg. 8: t.687.1822); S. brasiliensis Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 56. 1824; S. colorans Benth., Labiat. Gen. Spec. 287. 1833.

Herbs, suffruticose, up to 90 cm tall. Stem erect, branched, quadrangular, hairy or not. Leaves opposite, simple; petiole 3-4.5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate to triangular-ovate, 2.5-7 cm x 2-4.5 cm, glabrous, gland-dotted abaxially, base truncate or more or less rounded, margin serrate, apex acuminate. Verticillasters 2-flowered, in racemes to 20 cm, inflorescence axis quadrangular with one groove each on opposite side; bracts ovate, red, ca. 10 mm x 6 mm, apex shortly acuminate, margin ciliate, enveloping flowers in bud. Pedicels 4-7 mm, red glandular villous, articulate near calyx. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic, hypogynous. Calyx red, campanulate, ca. 1.6 cm in flowers, dilated to 2 cm after anthesis, red glandular, 10-veined, villous; tube ca. 10 mm long; limb 2-lipped; upper lip 5-6 mm x 10 mm, triangular ovate, apex mucronate; lower lip slightly longer than upper, deeply 2-toothed, teeth triangular. Corolla scarlet, 4-4.2 cm long, tube straight, horizontal, 3 mm broad at base, gradually widened above, dilated at throat, ca. 7 mm broad, pubescent without; upper lip straight, somewhat concave, oblong, 8-9 mm x ca. 4 mm, bifid; lower lip shorter than upper, 3-lobed, median lobe larger and concave, 3 mm x 10 mm, entire; lateral lobes ovate-oblong, reflexed. Stamens 2; filaments short, ca. 5 mm long, erect; each anther with a large fertile theca at upper end and a sterile plate at the other end; connective long, ca. 1.3 cm long, clearly separating the fertile and sterile thecae. Staminodes absent. Carpels 2, syncarpous; ovary 4-lobed irregularly, 4-locular, one ovule per loculus; style bifid with unequal lobes; stigmas minute.

Nutlets dark brown, ellipsoid, ca. 3.5 mm, apex irregularly pleated, margin narrowly winged. (Fruits not observed)

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